I’m going to have another little ramble about When You Were Young, following on from my earlier one here, where I claimed the song was in B Major, without much in the way of justification. To recap, the chord progression throughout the song is this:
E F# Gm B E
At first glance then, it’s not unreasonable to assume the song is in E, making the progression I II iii V I. The only spanner in the works there is the II, which from a basic harmonisation of the major scale you would expect to be a ii, i.e. F#m and not F#. Why? Because the F# chord contains the notes F#, A# and C#, whereas F#m has an A instead of an A#. The A# is not part of the E major scale.
In itself, this isn’t enough evidence to decide the song isn’t in E. There are a couple of reasons I can think of to explain the ‘out of key’ chord. Firstly, it’s not unusual to ‘borrow’ a chord from the parallel minor scale, i.e. E minor. I ruled that one out because on the second of the scale it would be a diminished chord. The other option to my limited knowledge was a secondary dominant, which in this case would make the F# V/V, i.e. it’s the fifth of the fifth of the original scale. I can think of a lot of examples where that’s used, but on the simplest level you would expect it to resolve to the V itself, i.e. the next chord would be the fifth, a B, which it isn’t.
Another thing to look at would be the melody, but I don’t think off the top of my head that he ever sings either an A or an A#, so there’s not going to be anything conclusive there.
Other evidence then - the descending line that leads to the bridge goes E D# C# B A# G# F#. All notes from B major, with the A# again being not a note from E major. In fact, with the exception of the initial E they’re all also notes from F# major, which suggests we might be modulating to that key for the bridge, but I’ll leave that for another day and just note that the evidence is still pointing towards B major.